Early+Cold+War

**Copy this page onto a new page in your online notebook. To get an overview of the origins of the Cold War, begin by reading [|Allies to Enemies: Origins of the Cold War] from ABC-CLIO.** **Use pages 794-799 in //Creating America// and** **[|“The Cold War” research list on ABC-CLIO]** **to** **develop a complete description** **for each event or idea from the early years of the Cold War.** **This information will help set the stage for tomorrow's activity. Use the first entry as an example for detail.**


 * **THE YALTA CONFERENCE**
 * Meeting near the end of WWII - big 3 meet to discuss post war Europe
 * Germany will be divided, controlled by the Allies
 * Liberated Eastern European countries will have new elections
 * United Nations will be formed
 * USSR is given great influence over Eastern Europe, and new government must be "Soviet freindly"
 * the roots of the Cold War are established || [[image:turningpoints2010:yalta.jpg width="299" height="227" align="center" caption="yalta.jpg"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:un.gif align="center" caption="un.gif"]] || **THE UNITED NATIONS**


 * The U.S. appealed to the U.N. to stop Communist move into South Korea.
 * UN forces pushed the North Korean forces northward toward Yalu river (boundary separating China from North Korea).
 * China saw movement of UN forces as a threat. They warned UN forces to stop or it would cause a war. UN ignored and Chinese Communist troops attacked UN troops and pushed them back into South Korea. ||
 * **CONTAINMENT**


 * Goal is to stop the spread of Communism
 * U.S. would work in military and nonmilitary ways to contain communism
 * Tried to limit the physical growth of the Soviet Union's territory and limit it's idealogical influence ||  || [[image:turningpoints2010:kennan.jpg width="281" height="218" align="center" caption="George Kenean"]] ||
 * George Kenean ||  ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:truman.jpg align="center" caption="truman.jpg"]] || **THE TRUMAN DOCTRINE**


 * Promised aid to the people struggling to resist threats to democratic freedom
 * Gave active role to U.S. in stopping spread of communism
 * Especially referred to Greece and Turkey who needed economic aid to hold off communism
 * Congress gave about $400 million to the two countries
 * Thought that USSR was funding communist movements there and U.S. needed to fund anticommunist movements ||
 * **THE MARSHALL PLAN**


 * A plan to revive the war-torn economies of Europe
 * Offered $13 billion in aid to Western and Southern Europe in hope to stop the spread of communism
 * Helped nations of Europe rebuild || [[image:turningpoints2010:marshall.jpg align="center" caption="marshall.jpg"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:airlift.jpg width="344" height="261" align="center" caption="airlift.jpg"]] || **THE BERLIN BLOCKADE AND AIRLIFT**


 * Berlin was still held by the Soviet Union
 * In 1948, Stalin hoped to make the Western powers abandon the city. His forces blocked acces to Berlin
 * Truman responded by sending a huge airlift of food and supplies to the city. It kept supplying for nearly a year.
 * In 1949, Stalin called off the blockade and by May of that year, Germany had been divided into communist East Germany and democratic West Germany.
 * 277,264 flights were made into Berlin carrying 2,343,315 tons of food and coal. ||
 * **NATO AND THE WARSAW PACT**


 * In 1948, there was an alarm over communist control of Eastern Europe, which led to the formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). The alliance included the U.S., Canada, and ten Western European nations.
 * In response, the Soviet Union and Eastern European nations formed the Warsaw Pact. || [[image:turningpoints2010:nato.png width="241" height="286" align="center" caption="nato.png"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:19471023_Reagan_HUAC.jpg width="262" height="229" align="center" caption="19471023_Reagan_HUAC.jpg"]] || **THE RED SCARE, THE ROSENBERGS, AND HUAC**


 * Americans were particularly concerned with the rise of communism.
 * Americans feared communism would take over the government
 * Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were arrested with the belief that they had provided Russia with secrets of the atomic bomb. They were electrocuted.
 * The HUAC was formed to investigate communist activity in the U.S. within the entertainment industry.Several people's careers were ruined. ||
 * **COMMUNISM IN CHINA** * In September 1949, the Communists defeated the anticommunist Nationalists in the civil war in China.
 * The Nationalist government fled and the Communists took over.
 * Americans blamed the State Department for failing to stop the Communist revolution. || [[image:turningpoints2010:PRCFounding.jpg align="center" caption="PRCFounding.jpg"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:korean67.gif width="221" height="225" align="center" caption="korean67.gif"]] || **THE KOREAN WAR

No need to take notes - you will have a different assignment and activity** || || ||
 * **MCCARTHYISM**
 * McCarthyism came to stand for reckless charges against innocent citizens.
 * MacCarthy's claim of having 205 State Department officilas who were Communists launched a hunt for Communists that ruined the careers of thousands of people.
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:1sputnik.jpg width="201" height="225" align="center" caption="1sputnik.jpg"]] || **THE SPACE RACE**


 * Started in 1957 between the Soviet Union and the U.S..
 * The Soviet Union launched the world's first space satellite. The Soviet Union had a missile powerful enough to reach the U.S.. American scientists raced to launch a satellite.
 * Congress set aside billions of dollars for space research ||